Which case upheld the principle of 'separate facilities' for public services as unconstitutional in education?

Which case upheld the principle of 'separate facilities' for public services as unconstitutional in education?

• A. Dred Scott v. Sandford
• B. Brown v. Board of Education
• C. United States v. Nixon
• D. Barnette

Answer: (B)

Segregation in public education violates the Equal Protection Clause because separate facilities are inherently unequal. Brown v. Board of Education held that racially segregated public schools are unconstitutional, overturning the earlier Plessy v. Ferguson framework for education and recognizing that state-imposed segregation denies minority students equal educational opportunities. The other cases address different issues—citizenship disputes, executive privilege, or compulsory patriotic rituals—not education segregation—so they don’t fit the question about schooling.

Segregation in public education violates the Equal Protection Clause because separate facilities are inherently unequal. Brown v. Board of Education held that racially segregated public schools are unconstitutional, overturning the earlier Plessy v. Ferguson framework for education and recognizing that state-imposed segregation denies minority students equal educational opportunities. The other cases address different issues—citizenship disputes, executive privilege, or compulsory patriotic rituals—not education segregation—so they don’t fit the question about schooling.